Mitocondria Energizante

Elementele structurale ale mitocondriei sunt: membrane externa, compartimentul intermembranar, membrana interna si compartimentul mitocondrial intern (matrice).

Fiecare component joaca un rol important in organit, prin functiile pe care le indeplineste.

Creatina este metabolizata in Creatina Fosfat, ingredientul esential care converteste Adenozin-difosfat ADP in adenozin-trifosfat (ATP) prin enzimele localizate pe cristele mitocondriale.

3 Melatonina previne disfunctia mitocondriala cerebrala via protectiei de cardiolipina

4 Melatonina cu efect de protectie la disfunctia mitocondriala asociat cu cardioprotectia din ischemia - reperfuzia, rolul de cardiolipina

Mitocondria este numit si uzina energetica a materiei vii, activeaza producerea de Adenozin-trifosfat (ATP)

Mitocondria cu producerea de energie este o necesitate absoluta pentru rezistenta fizica, energie, si viata insasi.

Cea mai mica scadere a productiei de energie mitocondriala, poate duce la slabiciune, oboseala si dificultati cognitive

3. Lantul respirator (lant transportor de electroni) cu enzimele mitocondriale: Complex I-IV

- Ciclul acidului citric (Krebs cicle) (Fig. 2) converteste glucidele si acizii grasi in Adenozin-trifosfat (ATP) ) care este principala sursa de energie celulara.

- Fosforilarea oxidativa (OXPHOS) combina hidrogenul cu oxigenul pentru a genera sume mai mari de Adenozin-trifosfat (ATP) , Fosforilarea oxidativa (OXPHOS) genereaza de 10 ori mai mult ATP de cit ciclul acidului citric, fosforilatia oxidativa este o energie primara pentru toate organismele aerobe

- Fosforilarea oxidativa (OXPHOS) mitocondriala prevede folosirea de 80% de Adenozin-trifosfat (ATP) in celule.

5 Controlul lantului respirator (lant transportor de electroni) si sinteza de Adenozin-trifosfat (ATP) la celule mitocondriale

- Fosforilarea oxidativa functioneaza prin lantul respirator (lant transportor de electroni) un lant cu cinci complexe proteice (I-V) in membrana interioara din mitochondria

Peretii mitocondriali sunt formati dintr-o membrana externa si interna (Fig. 3)

Primele patru complexe apartin lantului respirator (lantul transportor de electroni). Ultimul complex proteic se mai numeste si ATP sintaza si este localizat transmembranar.

Aceste complexe au un rol important in functionarea unui proces important, numit fosforilarea oxidativa.

- Complex III - Citocrom C reductaza (cytochrome-c reductase) are in alcatuirea sa un singur polipeptid mitocondrial (citocromul b)

Fosforilarea oxidativa (Fig. 4) converteste Adenozina-difosfat (ADP) in Adenozin-trifosfat (ATP) care apoi poate fi transportata la locul necesar.

Deficitul balantei energetice in relatie cu fosforilarea oxidativa (OXPHOS), boli mitocondriale la varstnici

6 Lantul respirator mitocondrial la celulele hepatice descreste la varstnici

7 Deficienta de Coenzima Q10 in mitocondria

8 Coenzima Q10 si activitatea Complexului II - Succinat dehidrogenaza

9 Coenzima Q10 interactioneaza cu Complex I - NADH dehidrogenaza, Complexul II - Succinat dehidrogenaza si Complex III - Citocrom C reductaza (cytochrome-c reductase) are in alcatuirea sa un singur polipeptid mitocondrial (citocromul b)

10 Eficienta mitocondriala, productia de energie, functia scade si activitatea lantului respirator scade cu varsta la celulele muschiului scheletal de inima si ficat

11 Complex IV - Citocrom C oxidaza la cardiomiocitele umane ale inimii este un fenomen al varstei, studiu

12 Complex IV - Citocrom C oxidaza cu fibre musculare deficiente la celula musculare este un fenomen de alteratie al varstei

13 Pierderea progresiva a Complexului IV - Citocrom C oxidaza la celulele musculare oculare la varstnici, studiu

- Eficienta mitocondriala, productia de energie si functia scade cu varsta (Fig. 4) se acumuleaza dovezi ca disfunctia mitocondriala sta la baza multor boli legate de varsta inclusiv Parkinson, Alzheimer, boli cardiace, sindrom de oboseala cronica (CFS)

14 Disfunctia mitocondriala si deteriorarea mitocondriala ADN-ului de radicalii liberi la varstnici

- Scaderea eficientei cilului krebs datorita modificari ca raspuns la cererile de energie pe termen lung,

15 Mitocondria musculara sa schimba la varstnici

Mitocondria la adultii tineri sanatosi raspunde diferit la cerinta de energie decit cei mai in varsta

Mitocondria la adultii tineri sanatosi se adapteaza si creste rapid cerintele de energie

Ca rezultat mitocondrii multiple produc mai mult Adenozin-trifosfat (ATP) pentru energie

Cu inaintarea varstei se reduce numarul de mitocondrii pentru a produce energie

16 Modificarea lantului respirator mitocondrial la varstnici

17 Mitocondriala se schimba cu varsta aspecte moleculare si implicatii fizio patologice

18 Fosforilarea oxidativa declina la varstnici - Medicina mitocondriala

19 Mutatia ADN-ului mitocondrial contribuie la imbatranire si boli degenerative

20 Analiza functiei lantului respirator mitocondrial si actiunea distructiva ADN-ului mitocondrial la muschiul scheletal la varstnici

21 Doua trepte a mutatiei ADN mitocondriale

22 Rolul structurii Membranei mitocondriale si functia celulara la varstnici, reviu

23 Teoria radicalilor liberi in procesul imbatranirii mitocondriale

24 Mitocondria decade in procesul imbatranirii datorita leziunilor oxidative

25 Citopatie mitocondriala la adulti: Ce stim de aceasta boala:

- Miopatiile mitocondriale sunt date de o anomalie a productiei de energie prin intermediul mitocondrilor.

Sa indentificat ca: Disfunctia mitocondriala fiind principala cauza legata de varsta in declinul bioenergetic

Medicii, oamenii de stiinta au: Selectat sinergic bioenergetice si aprobat de experti farmacologici care sa diminueze sau restaura complet multe aspecte ale functiei mitocondriale

- Combinatii de astfel de Suplimente nutritive care actioneaza pe mai multe obiective poate normaliza functia mitocondriala, creste pruductia de energie adenozintrifosfat ATP

26 Acetil L-Carnitina si Acid Alfa Lipoic un: Elixir al tineretii prin reducerea de stres oxidativ si a oxidarii ADN/ARN se incetineste procesul de inbatrinire la mitocondria care este uzina energetica de ATP

27 Acetil L-Carnitina are capacitatea de a creste metabolismul energetic si ajuta la refacerea functiei mitocondriale

28 Acetil L-Carnitina amelioreaza reducera funtiei mitocondriale la varstnici

Carnitina acetiltransferaza are afinitate si activitate in cerebral prin Acetil L-Carnitina (ALC) + Acid Alfa Lipoic (AAL) efect Anti Aging

Acetil L-Carnitina si Acid Alfa Lipoi un: Elixir al tineretii

29 Acid Alfa Lipoic cofactor in producerea de energie in organizm, mitocondria uzina energetica decade pe masura inbatrinirii, adausul de Acetil L-Carnitina si Acidul Alfa Lipoic reduce stresul oxidativ si prelungeste tineretea, intirzie inbatrinirea Anti-Aging

Acid Alfa Lipoic ajuta la producerea de energie Adenozin-trifosfat (ATP) in organism prin oxidatia acidului piruvic si alfa-cetoglutaric in mitocondria - Acid dihidro lipoic (ADHL)

Acid Alfa Lipoic ajuta la producerea de energie Adenozin-trifosfat (ATP) in: Mitocondria uzina energetica a materiei vii, care decade cu varsta

30 Acid Alfa Lipoic creste functia mitocondriala, creste rata metabolica si scade leziunile oxidative de radicalii liberi

31 Concentratia serica de Carnitina in muschiul scheletal depinde de varsta si gen

32 L-Carnitina si Acid Alfa Lipoic cu eficacitate in ameliorarea declinului enzimelor mitocondriale in timpul inaintarii in varsta

33 L-Carnitina creste enzimele mitocondriele la muschiul scheletal al inimii

34 L-Carnitina cu rol la muschiul scheletal al inimii al varstnicilor se descreste activitatea in lantul respirator (lant transportor de electroni)

35 L-Carnitina cu rol la cardiomiopatia in copilarie indusa de disfunctia mitocondriala

36 L-Carnitina creste energia si vitalitatea organismului, are efect la metabolismul acizilor grasi prin transportul acizilor grasi catre mitocondrii unde este transformata in energie ATP, participa la reducerea lipidica hepatica si cresterea musculara cu reducerea greutatii corporale

L-Carnitina creste energia prin oxidarea moleculelor de acizi grasi, la nivelul mitocondriilor

37 L-Carnitina in disfunctia mitocondriala

38 Coenzima Q10 cu activitate in mitocondrii: Mitocondria uzina energetica a materiei vii, activeaza producerea de adenozintrifosfat (ATP)

39 Functia de Coenzima Q10 in mitocondria

40 Coenzima Q10 un update a functiei biochimice in mitocondria

41 Coenzima Q10 este omologul - Corespondentul la NADH Nicotinamida Adenin Dinucleotida restaureaza activitatea de NADH oxidaza a Complexului I

42 Coenzima Q10 cu valoare terapeutica mitocondriala indicat la tulburari bioenergetice

43 Coenzima Q10 un bioenergizant mitocondrial la mitocondria varstnicilor

44 Corelatia clinica si biochimica in miopatia mitocondriala tratata cu Coenzima Q10

45 Monitorizarea clinica in folosirea de Coenzima Q10 ca neurologic si la bolile musculare

46 Varsta, mitocondria si Coenzima Q10 o relatie neglijata

47 Coenzima Q10 imbunatateste metabolismul de piruvat deficitar si conductia de cardiac defect la sindromul Kearns-Sayre

48 Idebenone este un nootropic face parte din suplimentele nutritive Anti-Aging, este omologul - Corespondentul la Coenzima Q10

49 N-Acetilcisteina la fosforilarea oxidativa in declin la mitocondria, a muschiului pulmonar

51 N-Acetilcisteina cu efect de protectie la TNF alpha (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) care induce apoptoza la celulele U937: Rolul mitocondriei

52 N-Acetilcisteina cu protectie la declinul de fosforilarea oxidativa in mitocondria hepatica la varstnici

53 Tiamina (Vitamina B1) din MultiVitamineMinerale creste nivelul plasmatic de lactat si piruvat se foleseste in doza larga la pacienti cu sindrom Kearns-Sayre

- Tiamina (Vitamina B1) stimuleaza NADH care mareste fosforilarea oxidativa la Complex I - 100 mg de 3x/zi la Oftalmoplegia cronica progresiva sau boala Graefe

54 Rboflavina (Vitamina B2) cu succes in deficienta de NADH-CoQ reductaza la miopatie

Riboflavina (Vitamin B2) este un cofactor la Complex I si II la doza de 100 mg/zi creste capacitatea de exercitiu la pacienti cu miopatie mitocondriala indus de disfunctia Complexului I

55 Coenzyma Q10 si Niacinamida (Vitamina B3) din MultiVitamine energizant pentru mitocondria la varstnici si cu prelungirea vieti de 15% - Longevitate

56 Ulei de Peste - Omega-3 creste cardiolipina in membrana mitocondriala, previne descresterea de cardiolipina, cardioprotector si creste nivelul de Fosfatidilcolina previne

- Postulat: Teza teoretica generala care este recunoscuta ca justa fara demonstratie

60 Resveratrol in tratamentul de disfunctie mitocondriala sindromul melas, encefalopatie, acidoza lactica insotit de episoade de miopatie mitocondriala

Resveratrol activeaza Sirtuina care creste functia mitocondriala, creste rata metabolica si mimeaza efectul de restrictie calorica

61 Energizante Bio mitocondriale la varstnici

62 Prin Exercitiu fizic creste puterea, capacitatea respiratorie si rezistenta in exercitiu

Alte Tonice Energizante naturale cu efcte benefice pentru mitocondria: Creatina, Taurina, D-Riboza

63 Creatina suplimente creste performanta in volumul muscular, chimia clinica

64 Suplimente nutritionale cu Creatina creste masa musculara

Adenozin-difosfat (ADP) energia celulara scazuta, cu Adenozin-difosfat (ADP) + P = Adenozin-trifosfat (ATP) energie energia celulara inalta

Adenozin-difosfat (ADP) energia celulara scazuta, cu Adenozin-difosfat (ADP) + P = Adenozin-trifosfat (ATP) energie energia celulara inalta

65 Creatina Monohidrat creste performanta in exercitii la barbati si femei

66 Suplimentarea de Creatin influentiaza la performanta cu cicluri repetate la barbati

67 Creatina suplimente cu performanta la exercitiu: update Creatina este legala nu contravine la reglementarea actuala de dopaj: spune studiul

68 Suplimentarea de Creatina cu variabile de sanatate fara efecte adverse, studiu retrospectiv

Recomandare reteta: Volumizatoare musculare

Volumizatoare musculare cu: Trehaloza + Creatina Pura 100% de la FIG^®

Creatina cu efect volumizator de celula musculara cu 30%, impreuna cu Trehaloza formeaza un matrix care volumizeaza celula musculara cu minimum 50%

- Avantajul la: Trehaloza fata de alti carbohidrati nu poseda grupa reducatoare Carbonil pentru a forma reactia Maillard,

Pentru evitarea reactiei Maillard se recomanda consumul de: Trehaloza care nu formeaza produse a reactiei Maillard

Trehaloza un produs natural	Trehaloza care nu formeaza produse a reactiei Maillard

- Reactia Maillard este cunoscut favorizeza imbatranirea.

- Trehaloza un carbohidrat deosebit de sanatos!

Limonada cu Trehaloza + Creatina Pura 100% de la FIG^® : Reteta

Limonada cu Trehaloza: Reteta

Administrare recomandata de: United Mitochondrial Disease Foundation

Bibliografie-Referinte: Antioxidant Antioxidanti

1 Harman D. The biologic clock: the mitochondria? J Am Geriatr Soc. 1972 Apr;20(4):145-7
2 Tzagoloff A, Myers AM. Genetics of mitochondrial biogenesis. Annu Rev Biochem. 1986;55:249-85.
3 Petrosillo G, Fattoretti P, Matera M, Ruggiero FM, Bertoni-Freddari C, Paradies G. Melatonin prevents age-related mitochondrial dysfunction in rat brain via cardiolipin protection. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CNR Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, University of Bari, Bari Italy. Rejuvenation Res. 2008 Oct;11(5):935-43.
4 Petrosillo G, Di Venosa N, Pistolese M, Casanova G, Tiravanti E, Colantuono G, Federici A, Paradies G, Ruggiero FM. Protective effect of melatonin against mitochondrial dysfunction associated with cardiac ischemia- reperfusion: role of cardiolipin. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and CNR Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, University of Bari, Bari Italy. FASEB J. 2006 Feb;20(2):269-76.
5 Brown GC. Control of respiration and ATP synthesis in mammalian mitochondria and cells. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University College London, U.K. Biochem J. 1992 May 15;284 ( Pt 1):1-13.
6 Yen TC, Chen YS, King KL, Yeh SH, Wei YH. Liver mitochondrial respiratory functions decline with age. Department of Biochemistry, National Yang-Ming Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Dec 29;165(3):944-1003.
7 Lenaz G, Parenti Castelli G, Fato, D'Aurelio M, Bovina C, Formiggini G, Marchetti M, Estornell E, Rauchova H. Coenzyme Q deficiency in mitochondria: kinetic saturation versus physical saturation. Department of Biochemistry G. Moruzzi, Bologna, Italy. Mol Aspects Med. 1997;18 Suppl:S25-31.
8 Gawron O, Mahajan KP, Limetti M, Glaid AJ 3rd. CoQ and succinate dehydrogenase activity of the Keilin-Hartree respiratory particle. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1969 Feb;129(2):461-7.
9 Ernster L, Lee IY, Norling B, Persson B. Studies with ubiquinone-depleted submitochondrial particles. Essentiality of ubiquinone for the interaction of succinate dehydrogenase, NADH dehydrogenase, and cytochrome b. Eur J Biochem. 1969 Jun;9(3):299-310.
10 Sugiyama S, Takasawa M, Hayakawa M, Ozawa T. Changes in skeletal muscle, heart and liver mitochondrial electron transport activities in rats and dogs of various ages. Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nagoya, Japan. Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1993 Aug;30(5):937-44.
11 Müller-Höcker J. Cytochrome-c-oxidase deficient cardiomyocytes in the human heart--an age-related phenomenon. A histochemical ultracytochemical study. Pathologisches Institut Universität München, West Germany. Am J Pathol. 1989 May;134(5):1167-73.
12 Müller-Höcker J. Cytochrome c oxidase deficient fibres in the limb muscle and diaphragm of man without muscular disease: an age-related alteration. Institute of Pathology, University of Munich, F.R.G. J Neurol Sci. 1990 Dec;100(1-2):14-21.
13 Müller-Höcker J, Schneiderbanger K, Stefani FH, Kadenbach B. Progressive loss of cytochrome c oxidase in the human extraocular muscles in ageing--a cytochemical-immunohistochemical study. Department of Pathology, Munich University, Germany. Mutat Res. 1992 Sep;275(3-6):115-24.
14 Richter C. Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA and its relationship to ageing. Laboratory of Biochemistry I, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1995 Jul;27(7):647-53.
15 E, Gharib AM, Yuan W, Ingersoll RT, Hagen TM, Cotman CW, Ames BN. Memory loss in old rats is associated with brain mitochondrial decay and RNA/DNA oxidation: partial reversal by feeding acetyl-L- Lanza IR, Nair KS. Muscle mitochondrial changes with aging and exercise. Division of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Jan;89(1):467S-71S. Epub 2008 Dec 3.
16 Ferguson M, Mockett RJ, Shen Y, Orr WC, Sohal RS. Age-associated decline in mitochondrial respiration and electron transport in Drosophila melanogaster. Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Biochem J. 2005 Sep 1;390(Pt 2):501-11.
17 Papa S. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation changes in the life span. Molecular aspects and physiopathological implications. Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Chemistry, University of Bari, Italy. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996 Sep 12;1276(2):87-105.
18 Fosslien E. Mitochondrial medicine--molecular pathology of defective oxidative phosphorylation. Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612, USA. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2001 Jan;31(1):25-67.
19 Linnane AW, Marzuki S, Ozawa T, Tanaka M. Mitochondrial DNA mutations as an important contributor to ageing and degenerative diseases. Centre for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. Lancet. 1989 Mar 25;1(8639):642-5.
20 Cooper JM, Mann VM, Schapira AH. Analyses of mitochondrial respiratory chain function and mitochondrial DNA deletion in human skeletal muscle: effect of ageing. Department of Neuroscience, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, UK. J Neurol Sci. 1992 Nov;113(1):91-8.
21 Miquel J, Fleming JE. A two-step hypothesis on the mechanisms of in vitro cell aging: cell differentiation followed by intrinsic mitochondrial mutagenesis. Exp Gerontol. 1984;19(1):31-6.
22 Zs.-Nagy, Imre. The role of membrane structure and function in cellular aging: a review. Mech Aging Dev, 1979,9: 237-246.
23 De Grey, A. The Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging, R.G. Landes, Austin, Texas, 1999.
24 Shigenaga MK, Hagen TM and Ames BN. Oxidative damage and mitochondrial decay in aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 10771- 78, Nov 1994.
25 Cohen, B., and Gold, D. Mitochondrial cytopathy in adults: What we know so tar. Cleveland Clinic J Medicine, 2001,68:7,625-642.
26 Liu J, Headcarnitine and/or R-alpha -lipoic acid. Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Feb 19;99(4):2356-61.
27 Ames BN, Liu J. Delaying the mitochondrial decay of aging with acetylcarnitine. Nutritional Genomics Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 Nov;1033:108-16.
- Paradies G, Ruggiero FM, Petrosillo G, et al. Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase activity in cardiac mitochondria from aged rats: the effect of acetyl-L-carnitine. Mech Ageing Dev. 1995 Oct 13;84(2):103-12.
28 Ames BN, Liu J. Delaying the mitochondrial decay of aging with acetylcarnitine. Nutritional Genomics Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 Nov;1033:108-16.
29 Hagen TM, Moreau R, Suh JH, Visioli F.Mitochondrial decay in the aging rat heart: evidence for improvement by dietary supplementation with acetyl-L-carnitine and/or lipoic acid. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002 Apr;959:491-507.
- Hagen TM, Wehr CM, Ames BN. Mitochondrial decay in aging. Reversal through supplementation of acetyl-L-carnitine and N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenyl-nitrone.Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley 94720, USA. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998 Nov 20;854:214-23.
- Ames BN, Liu J. Delaying the mitochondrial decay of aging with acetylcarnitine. Nutritional Genomics Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 Nov;1033:108-16.
30 Hagen TM, Ingersoll RT, Lykkesfeldt J, Liu J, Wehr CM, Vinarsky V, Bartholomew JC, Ames AB. (R)-alpha-lipoic acid-supplemented old rats have improved mitochondrial function, decreased oxidative damage, and increased metabolic rate. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. FASEB J. 1999 Feb;13(2):411-8.
31 Opalka JR, Gellerich FN, Zierz S. Age and sex dependency of carnitine concentration in human serum and skeletal muscle. Muskellabor, Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, D-06097 Halle, Saale, Germany. Clin Chem. 2001 Dec;47(12):2150-3.
32 Savitha S, Sivarajan K, Haripriya D, Kokilavani V, Panneerselvam C. Efficacy of levo carnitine and alpha lipoic acid in ameliorating the decline in mitochondrial enzymes during aging. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALMPG. Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India. Clin Nutr. 2005 Oct;24(5):794-800.
33 Kumaran S, Subathra M, Balu M, Panneerselvam C. Supplementation of L-carnitine improves mitochondrial enzymes in heart and skeletal muscle of aged rats. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr AL Mudaliar Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India. Exp Aging Res. 2005 Jan-Mar;31(1):55-67.
34 Kumaran S, Subathra M, Balu M, Panneerselvam C. Age-associated decreased activities of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes in heart and skeletal muscle: role of L-carnitine. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. AL Mudaliar Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113, India. Chem Biol Interact. 2004 Jun 30;148(1-2):11-8.
35 Winter SC, Buist NR. Cardiomyopathy in childhood, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the role of L-carnitine. Valley Children's Hospital, Madera, CA 93638, USA. Am Heart J. 2000 Feb;139(2 Pt 3):S63-9.
36 Ibrahim WH, Bailey N, Sunvold GD, Bruckner GG. Effects of carnitine and taurine on fatty acid metabolism and lipid accumulation in the liver of cats during weight gain and weight loss. Department of Clinical Sciences/Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA. Am J Vet Res. 2003 Oct;64(10):1265-77.
37 Binienda ZK. Neuroprotective effects of L-carnitine in induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Neurophysiology Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA.Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003 May;993:289-95; discussion 345-9.
38 Ernster L. (1977) Facts and ideas about the function of coenzyme Q10 in the Mitochondria. In: Folkers K., Yamamura Y. (eds) Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 15-8.
39 Lenaz G, Fato R, Castelluccio C, Genova ML, Bovina C, Estornell E, Valls V, Pallotti F, Parenti Castelli G. The function of coenzyme Q in mitochondria. Dipartimento di Biochimica, Università di Bologna. Clin Investig. 1993;71(8 Suppl):S66-70.
40 Lenaz G, Fato R, Castelluccio C, Cavazzoni M, Estornell E, Huertas JF, Pallotti F, Parenti Castelli G, Rauchova H. An updating of the biochemical function of coenzyme Q in mitochondria. Dipartimento di Biochimica Giovanni Moruzzi, Universita' di Bologna, Italy. Mol Aspects Med. 1994;15 Suppl:s29-36.
41 R. T. Swank and R. H. Burris Restoration by Ubiquinone of Azotobacter vinelandii Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Oxidase Activity Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 J Bacteriol. 1969 April; 98(1): 311–313.
- Szarkowska L. The restoration of DPNH oxidase activity by coenzyme Q (ubiquinone). Arch Biochem Biophys. 1966 Mar;113(3):519-25.
- Lenaz G, Pasquali P, Bertoli E, Parenti-Castelli G. The inhibition of NADH oxidase by the lower homologs of coenzyme Q. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1975 Jul;169(1):217-26.
42 Lenaz G, Parenti Castelli G, Fato, D'Aurelio M, Bovina C, Formiggini G, Marchetti M, Estornell E, Rauchova H. Coenzyme Q deficiency in mitochondria: kinetic saturation versus physical saturation. Department of Biochemistry G. Moruzzi, Bologna, Italy. Mol Aspects Med. 1997;18 Suppl:S25-31.
43 Driver, C., Georgiou, A. How to re-energize old mitochondria without shooting yourself in the foot. Biogerontology, 2002,3:103-106.
44 Bresolin N, Bet L, Binda A, Moggio M, Comi G, Nador F, Ferrante C, Carenzi A, Scarlato G. Clinical and biochemical correlations in mitochondrial myopathies treated with coenzyme Q10. Istituto di Clinica Neurologica, Centro Dino Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy. Neurology. 1988 Jun;38(6):892-9.
45 Steele PE, Tang PH, DeGrauw AJ, Miles MV. Clinical laboratory monitoring of coenzyme Q10 use in neurologic and muscular diseases. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati 45229-3039, USA. Am J Clin Pathol. 2004 Jun;121 Suppl:S113-20.
46 Bliznakov EG. Aging, mitochondria, and coenzyme Q(10): the neglected relationship. Biochimie. 1999 Dec;81(12):1131-2.
47 Ogasahara S, Yorifuji S, Nishikawa Y, Takahashi M, Wada K, Hazama T, Nakamura Y, Hashimoto S, Kono N, Tarui S. Improvement of abnormal pyruvate metabolism and cardiac conduction defect with coenzyme Q10 in Kearns-Sayre syndrome. Neurology. 1985 Mar;35(3):372-7.
48 James South, Idebenone: The Ultimate Anti-Aging Supplement? Vitamin Research News, April 2001
49 Chakraborti, S., Batabyal, S., Ghosh, S.. Chakraborti, T. Protective role at N-acetylcysteine against the age-related decline in oxidative phosphorylation in pulmonary smooth muscle mitochondria. Med Sci Res, 1999, 27: (1), 39-40.
50 Banaciocha, M. Therapeutic potential of Nacetylcyateine in age-related mitochondrial neurodegenerative diseases. Medical Hypotheses, 2001, 56: 4, 472-477.
51 Miquel, J. et al (1995) "N-acetylcysteine protects against age-related decline of oxidative phosphorylation in liver mitochondria" Eur J Pharmacol 292: 333-35.
52 Cossarizza, A., Franceachi, C., Montl, D., et al, Protective effect of N-Acetylcysteine in tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptiosis in U937 cells: The role of mitochondria. Experimental Cell Research, 1995, 220: 232-240.
53 Lou HC. Correction of increased plasma pyruvate and plasma lactate levels using large doses of thiamine in patients with Kearns-Sayre syndrome. Arch Neurol. 1981 Jul;38(7):469
54 Arts, W., Scholte, H. Bogaard, J., et al, NADH-CoQ reductase deficient myopathy: Successful treatment with riboflavin. Lancet, 1983, 2: 581 -82.
55 Driver, C., and Georgiou, A. How to re-energize old mitochondria without shooting yourself in the foot. Biogerontology, 2002,3:103-106.
56 Papa, S., Mitochondrial Function in ischemia and reperfusion of the ageing heart, Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 2000, 27 (9), 745-750.
Hansford, R., Naotaka, T., and Pepe, S. Mitochondria in heart lschemia and aging. Biochem Soc Symp, 1999, 66: 141-147.
57 Sastre J, Lloret A, Borrás C, Pereda J, García-Sala D, Droy-Lefaix MT, Pallardó FV, Viña J. Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 protects against mitochondrial aging in the brain and in the liver. Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de València, Spain. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2002 Sep;48(6):685-92.
58 Sastre J, Millán A, García de la Asunción J, Plá R, Juan G, Pallardó, O'Connor E, Martin JA, Droy-Lefaix MT, Viña J. A Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) prevents mitochondrial aging by protecting against oxidative stress. Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Univ. Valencia, Spain. Free Radic Biol Med. 1998 Jan 15;24(2):298-304.
59 McCarty MF. Toward a "bio-energy supplement" -- a prototype for functional orthomolecular supplementation. Med Hypotheses. 1981 Apr;7(4):515-38.
60 Sirtris Receives Orphan Drug Designation from U.S. Food and Drug Administration for Resveratrol in Mitochondrial Disorder, MELAS Syndrome April 2, 2008
- http://www.lifescience-online.com/?portalPage=Business&issue=SC.04.20080408.99
61 Lenaz G, D'Aurelio M, Merlo Pich M, Genova ML, Ventura B, Bovina C, Formiggini G, Parenti Castelli G. Mitochondrial bioenergetics in aging. Dipartimento di Biochimica 'G. Moruzzi', Università di Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Aug 15;1459(2-3):397-404.
62 Mittendorfer B, Klein S. Effect of aging on glucose and lipid metabolism during endurance exercise. Center for Human Nutrition and Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2001 Dec;11 Suppl:S86-91.
63 Kamber M, Koster M, Kreis R, Walker G, Boesch C, Hoppeler H. Creatine supplementation--part I: performance, clinical chemistry, and muscle volume. Institute of Sport Sciences, Swiss Sports School, Magglingen. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999 Dec;31(12):1763-9.
64 Clarkson PM, Rawson ES. Nutritional supplements to increase muscle mass. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 1999;39(4):317-328.
65 Tarnopolsky MA, MacLennan DP. Creatine monohydrate supplementation enhances high-intensity exercise performance in males and females. Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2000 Dec;10(4):452-63.
66 Birch R, Noble D, Greenhaff PL. The influence of dietary creatine supplementation on performance during repeated bouts of maximal isokinetic cycling in man. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1994;69(3):268-76.
67 Williams MH, Branch JD. Creatine supplementation and exercise performance: an update. Department of Exercise Science, Physical Education, and Recreation, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529-0196, USA. J Am Coll Nutr. 1998 Jun;17(3):216-34.
- Maughan RJ. Creatine supplementation and exercise performance. Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University Medical School, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland. Int J Sport Nutr. 1995 Jun;5(2):94-101
68 Schilling BK, Stone MH, Utter A, Kearney JT, Johnson M, Coglianese R, Smith L, O'Bryant HS, Fry AC, Starks M, Keith R, Stone ME. Creatine supplementation and health variables: a retrospective study. Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 Feb;33(2):183-8.

Parerea din pasajele acestui site nu a fost independent cercetate sau confirmate.

Mitocondria - Energizante naturale

Refacerea functiei mitocondriale

1 Mitocondria ceasul biologic

2 Refacerea functiei mitocondriale